After 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6, White chooses between Bb5 (Ruy Lopez), pressuring the defender of e5, and Bc4 (Italian Game), aiming at f7.
Key principles
- In the Ruy Lopez the pressure on e5 is indirect: Bxc6 only wins e5 once it is undefended
- The Italian usually goes c3 and d4 to build a centre, or d3 for a slow build-up
- Black's ...a6 and ...b5 gain space against the Spanish bishop
Common mistakes
- Taking on c6 and e5 too early in the Ruy Lopez
- Leaving f7 weak in the Italian